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Diet and Nutrition |
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Food Allergies |
Food allergies occur when your immune system makes a mistake. Normally, your immune (say: ih-myoon) system protects you from germs and disease. It does this by making antibodies that help you fight off bacteria, viruses, and other tiny organisms that can make you sick. But if you have a food allergy, your immune system mistakenly treats something in a certain food as if it's really dangerous to you.
The same sort of thing happens with any allergy, whether it's a medicine (like penicillin), pollen in the air (from flowers and trees), or a food, like peanuts. So the thing itself isn't harmful, but the way your body reacts to it is.
The food protein triggering the allergic response is termed a food allergen. It is estimated that up to 12 million Americans have food allergies,[3] and the prevalence is rising.[4] Six to eight percent of children under the age of three have food allergies and nearly four percent of adults have them.[5] Food allergies cause roughly 30,000 emergency room visits and 100 to 200 deaths per year in the United States.[6] The most common food allergies in adults are shellfish, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and eggs,[5] and the most common food allergies in children are milk, eggs, peanuts, and tree nuts.[5]
Treatment consists of avoidance diets, in which the allergic person avoids all forms of the food to which they are allergic. For people who are extremely sensitive, this may involve the total avoidance of any exposure with the allergen, including touching or inhaling the problematic food as well as touching any surfaces that may have come into contact with it. Areas of research include anti-IgE antibody (omalizumab, or Xolair) and specific oral tolerance induction (SOTI), which have shown some promise for treatment of certain food allergies. People diagnosed with a food allergy may carry an autoinjector of epinephrine such as an EpiPen or Twinject, wear some form of medical alert jewelry, or develop an emergency action plan, in accordance with their doctor.
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